The month of Lailatul Barat is once again in front of us. The importance of 'Shaba Barat' in Islamic Shariah is immense. Shave Barat is one of the blessed days in which Allah bestows His mercy upon His servants. In the terminology of Tafseer-Hadith and learned scholars, it is called the mid-Raajni of Sha'ban Holy Sabbath . That night is the night before the fourteenth day of the month of Shaban.
Holy Shabbat is the means of salvation for the Muslim Ummah. From the time of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) until now, this night has been regarded as a 'means of salvation and holy' for the Muslim Ummah. Beloved Prophet (SAW), Salaf Saleheen, and wise thinkers observed this night with great importance. Similarly, the world Muslim Ummah has been observing this night as a holy night of good fortune through intense worship.
Shabbat is originally a Persian word. As it is not an Arabic word, the Holy Qur'an does not mention the word 'Shaba Barat'. As there is no Namaz, Roza, Firista etc. But just as prayer and fasting are understood in the Holy Qur'an by Salat, Sawm etc., the Almighty Allah has explained 'Shabe Barat' by 'Lailatul Mubarakah' in a verse of Surah Dukhan, according to the opinion of Mofasserin Keram and Salaf Saliheen.
Shab means night, 'baraat' means liberation, fate. So Shabbat means the night of liberation and fortune. Another meaning of Baraat in Arabic is separation. Abstain from the company of one with whom one's position is unpleasant. [Source: Imam Ragheb in Mufarada, page 45]
Referring to the dignity of this night, the commentator Allama Ismail Hakki (RA) said in Tafsir Ruhul Bayan, like the night of Qadr, the blessings of God's beauty towards creation and servants (others) in this night reaches deep from every part of the Arsh. [Rahul Bayan: Volume 8, page 401] He said, this night is also known as the mercy of Lailatu. The reason for this is that God's special mercy is revealed on this night.
He also said, Lailatul Barat is said to be that, just as the tax collector gives permission after receiving the tax, the tax giver is free Lailatul Barat isd from all kinds of punishment, similarly, the slave is freed from sin and frees himself from all sins on this night. [Rahul Bayan in Tafseer: Volume 4, Page 404]
Hazrat Abu Musa Ash'ari (R.A.) narrated in Sunan Ibn Majah Sharif about Shab-e-Barat - Rasulullah (S.A.W) said, Allah Rabbul Alamin looks (mercifully) on the night of mid-Sha'ban and forgives everyone except the polytheists and the haters.
Hazrat Osama Ibn Zayd (RA) said, I asked, O Messenger of Allah, what is the reason for the fact that you fast more in the month of Sha'ban, because I do not see you fasting so much in any month? Then the Prophet (SAW) said that this month is between Rajab and Ramadan. People are heedless or indifferent about this month. In this month, the deeds of the servant are raised to Allah. I prefer that my deeds be raised to such a state that I am fasting. [Qanjul Ummal Durre Mansoor: Volume 7, Page 401]
Fasting on Shabbat is more rewarding. There is a hadith, when the fourteenth day of Sha'ban will come. You will stand for prayer at night and fast during the day. [Ibn Majah: Volume 1, page 444]
It is best to perform nafal worship on Shabbat. The more Ibadah, Zikir-Azkar, recitation of Quran, the more good and reward will be received.
However, on this auspicious night, there should be no festivity, unnecessary wandering and fireworks etc. on the streets. Purity will be lost in this, the person who indulges in these vices is cursed. The purpose of Shab Barat is to concentrate as much as possible on Nafal Namaz, reciting Quran, Zikir-Azkar, praying for your beloved Habib, crying and forgiving your sins, praying for the forgiveness of others, and above all attaining the satisfaction of Almighty Allah and His beloved Habib.
One of the months in which Allah has blessed His servants is the holy month of Sha'ban. Hazrat Rasoolullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam kept the most fruitful fasts in this month.
There is a hadith narrated from the mother of the Ummah Hazrat Aisha (R.A.), who said, I did not see the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) fasting completely in any month other than the month of Ramadan, and I did not see him fasting so much in any other month than the month of Sha'ban. - Sahih Bukhari and Muslim
In another hadith, Hazrat Usama Ibn Zayed (R.A.) narrates, I applied to the service of Hazrat Rasulullah (S.A.W.) one day, O Rasulullah! I have not seen you fasting so much in any month other than Shaban. Hazrat Rasulullah (SAW) said, "It is the month about which most people are heedless." It is the month between Rajab and Ramadan. It is a month in which people's deeds are brought before Allah. It is my desire that my deeds be presented in the court of Allah in the condition that I am fasting. -Nasa'i and Shawabul Iman
There are numerous narrations about the virtues of the month of Shaban in various Sahih Hadith books. By which the virtues and importance of this month are proved. So fasting in this month is proven.
Now let's talk about Shabbat. Only the believer is familiar with the name of this special night. However, in Hadith Sharif, this night is called as 'Lailatun Nisfi Min Shaban' i.e. 'Fifteenth Ray of Shaban'. The word Shabbat is Persian. Shab means night and Barat means deliverance, protection of freedom etc.
However, Mufassir Keram has mentioned some other names of this night. Like Lailatul Mubaraka, Lailatul Baraa, Lailatus Saq etc. - Tafsir Qurtubi
Since the sins of sinners are forgiven on this night and the crimes of many criminals are forgiven, this night is popularly known as 'Shabe Barat' among Muslims.
Mufassirs have differed on whether there is guidance in the Holy Qur'an regarding the Holy Sabbath. And the basis of their disagreement is the meaning of verse 3 of Surah Dukhan. Most mufassirs have interpreted the words of this verse (Lailatul Mubaraka) as 'Shabe Qadr' and presented hadiths in their support.
On the other hand, Hazrat Ikrama (R.A.) and some mufassirs have tried to mean 'Shabe Barat' by the said word and presented hadiths in their support. Moreover, most of the later commentators like Imam Fakhruddin Razi (RA) in his Tafsir Kabir, Imam Tabari (RA) in his Tafsir Tabari, Allama Jamakhshari (RA) in his Tafsir Kashshaf, Allama Alusi (RA) in his Tafsir Ruhul Mayani, Ibnu Kasir Ibn Qasir in his Tafsir, Shaykh Ismail Haqqi (RA) in his Tafsir Ruhul Bayan, Imam Qurtubi in his Tafsir Qurtubi, Hazrat Ashraf Ali Thanvi (RA) in his Tafsir Bayanul Qur’an, Mufti Shafi’i (RA) in his Tafsir Ma’areful Qur’an explained the verse. Barat discussed.
Although there is no direct instruction in the Holy Qur'an about the Holy Sabbath, the Hadith Sharif clearly describes its importance, significance and virtues. Some of these narrations have been declared authentic by all the Muhaddiths of the world. Some narrations are good, some are weak. It is true that one Sahih Hadith is sufficient to prove anything.
And most of the muhaddis, Islamic scholars and scholars agree that it is permissible to act on a weak hadeeth in the case of virtue, and that a deed is proved to be mustahab by the hadeeth of a 'zaif' (weak) chain. Moreover, there is no evidence in the hadith against observing the Sabbath or its merits.
The night before the 14th day of the month of Shaban is called 'Shaba Barat'. The word Shabbat comes from Persian. 'Shab' means night, 'Barat' means liberation. Shabbat means the night of liberation. The Arabic for Shabbat Barat is 'Lailatul Baraat'. In Hadith Sharif which is called 'Nisaf Sha'ban' or 'Rajni of the middle day of the month of Sha'ban'. In many countries of the world including the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Farsi, Urdu, Bengali, Hindi and other languages, which is better known as 'Shabe Barat'.
In the Qur'anul Karim, 'Ha-mim! Swear! Of the Bright Book, verily I sent it down on a blessed night; Surely I was the warner. So that all important matters are determined. This command is from me, surely I am the messenger.' (Surah-44 Dukhan, verses: 1-5).
Hazrat Ikrima (R.A.) and other commentators have narrated that the second verse of Surah Dukhan refers to the Night of Blessings. (Ma'ariful Qur'an).
There is a Hadith Sharif, "Narrated by Hazrat Mu'adh Ibn Jabal (RA), the Prophet (SAW) said, Allah Ta'ala looks at the creation on the night of Ardsha'ban and forgives everyone except polytheists and haters." (Ibn Hibban: 5665, Ibn Majah: 1390, Razin: 2048; Ibn Khuzaima, Kitabut Tawheed, page: 136, Musnad Ahmad, Vol. IV, page: 176).
The Prophet (SAW) said, 'It is the night of half Sha'ban. On this night, Allah pays attention to His servants, forgives those who seek forgiveness, and favors those who ask for mercy. And leave the haters in their condition.
Hazrat Aisha Siddiqa (R.A.) said, Once Rasulullah (S.A.W.) stood in prayer and prostrated for so long that I thought he had died. I then got up and shook his toe, his toe moved; He got up from Sijdah and after finishing the prayer looked at me and said, “O Aisha! Do you have this fear?” I replied, 'O Messenger of Allah (SAW), I feared from your long prostration whether you had died or not.' The Prophet (SAW) said, 'Do you know what night it is?' You know.' Then the Prophet (SAW) said, 'It is the night of half of Shaban. On this night, Allah pays attention to His servants, forgives those who seek forgiveness, and favors those who ask for mercy. And leave the haters in their condition.' (Shu'abul Iman, Volume III, Page: 382).
Narrated by Hazrat Aisha (RA): The Prophet (SAW) used to come to Madinah's graveyard 'Jannatul Baqi' at night and pray for the dead. He also said that the Prophet (peace be upon him) told him that Allah forgives more sinners than the wool of the sheep and goats of Bani Kalb on this night. (Tirmidhi: 739).
Rasulullah (SAW) said, When the middle day of Sha'ban comes, you will worship Nafal at night and fast during the day. (Ibn Majah). The Prophet (SAW) said, When the night of the 14th of Sha'ban comes, spend that night in worship and fast during the day. Because, after sunset on this day, Allah Ta'ala came down to the sky of the world and called, 'Are you asking for forgiveness? I will forgive; Are there any Riziq candidates? I will give sustenance; Are you in any danger? I will deliver.' Thus till dawn Allah continued to call mentioning the various needs of people. (Ibn Majah: 1384).
Apart from this, Ayamebids have nafl fast on 3rd, 14th and 15th of every month, which was observed by Hazrat Adam (A.S.) and our beloved Prophet (S.A.W.) also observed it, which is basically Sunnah. The famous Muhaddith Faqih Hafiz Ibn Rajab (RA) said that the fast of this day is included in the fast of Ayamebids. (Latayiful Maarif, page: 151).
The Mufassirs say: Here the full moon night in the month of Shaban is meant as 'Lailatum Mubaraka' or the blessed day. (Tafseer Mazhari, Ruhul Ma'ani and Ruhul Bayan).
Hazrat Ikrima (R.A.) and other commentators have narrated that the second verse of Surah Dukhan refers to the Night of Blessings. (Ma'ariful Qur'an).
There is a Hadith Sharif, "Narrated by Hazrat Mu'adh Ibn Jabal (RA), the Prophet (SAW) said, Allah Ta'ala looks at the creation on the night of Ardsha'ban and forgives everyone except polytheists and haters." (Ibn Hibban: 5665, Ibn Majah: 1390, Razin: 2048; Ibn Khuzaima, Kitabut Tawheed, page: 136, Musnad Ahmad, Vol. IV, page: 176).
The Prophet (SAW) said, 'It is the night of half Sha'ban. On this night, Allah pays attention to His servants, forgives those who seek forgiveness, and favors those who ask for mercy. And leave the haters in their condition.
Hazrat Aisha Siddiqa (R.A.) said, Once Rasulullah (S.A.W.) stood in prayer and prostrated for so long that I thought he had died. I then got up and shook his toe, his toe moved; He got up from Sijdah and after finishing the prayer looked at me and said, “O Aisha! Do you have this fear?” I replied, 'O Messenger of Allah (SAW), I feared from your long prostration whether you had died or not.' The Prophet (SAW) said, 'Do you know what night it is?' You know.' Then the Prophet (SAW) said, 'It is the night of half of Shaban. On this night, Allah pays attention to His servants, forgives those who seek forgiveness, and favors those who ask for mercy. And leave the haters in their condition.' (Shu'abul Iman, Volume III, Page: 382).
Narrated by Hazrat Aisha (RA): The Prophet (SAW) used to come to Madinah's graveyard 'Jannatul Baqi' at night and pray for the dead. He also said that the Prophet (peace be upon him) told him that Allah forgives more sinners than the wool of the sheep and goats of Bani Kalb on this night. (Tirmidhi: 739).
Rasulullah (SAW) said, When the middle day of Sha'ban comes, you will worship Nafal at night and fast during the day. (Ibn Majah). The Prophet (SAW) said, When the night of the 14th of Sha'ban comes, spend that night in worship and fast during the day. Because, after sunset on this day, Allah Ta'ala came down to the sky of the world and called, 'Are you asking for forgiveness? I will forgive; Are there any Riziq candidates? I will give sustenance; Are you in any danger? I will deliver.' Thus till dawn Allah continued to call mentioning the various needs of people. (Ibn Majah: 1384).
Apart from this, Ayamebids have nafl fast on 3rd, 14th and 15th of every month, which was observed by Hazrat Adam (A.S.) and our beloved Prophet (S.A.W.) also observed it, which is basically Sunnah. The famous Muhaddith Faqih Hafiz Ibn Rajab (RA) said that the fast of this day is included in the fast of Ayamebids. (Latayiful Maarif, page: 151).
Apart from this, the first date, middle date and last date of Nafal fasting are important. Fasting on Shabbat also falls under this. In the Saum Dawoodi system, one fasts one day after another, but every odd-numbered date is fasted and combined with the Shabbat fast. Above all, the Prophet (SAW) used to observe more nafal prayers and nafal fasts in the months of Rajab-Shaban after the month of Ramadan, sometimes 10, sometimes 15, sometimes 20 nafal fasts, sometimes more in the month of Shaban. Even Ummuhat al-Mu'minin narrated that Rasulullah (SAW) used to start Nafal fasting in this way in the month of Sha'ban, it seemed that he would never break his fast again. (Muslim).
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